Some acetylpenicillamines – DFT treatment
Abstract
Presently, N-, O- and S-acetyl-substituted penicillamines have been considered within the constraints of density functional theory at the level of B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p). Some of the species have isomeric and some diasteromeric relationship with each other. N-acetylpenicillamine has some medical use as a chelating agent for many metal poisoning cases such as mercury, copper etc. (Wilson’s disease is to be mentioned). The presently collected data have revealed that the optimized structures of them have exothermic heats of formation and favorable Gibbs free energy of formation values. They are thermally favored and electronically stable at the standard states. Various structural and quantum chemical data have been collected and discussed, including UV-VIS spectra. Many data obtained are dictated not only by the gross and fine topological factors but also the configuration of the species considered.
Downloads
References
Aaseth, J. (1976). Mobilization of methyl mercury in vivo and in vitro using N-acetyl-DL-penicillamine and other complexing agents. Acta Pharmacologica et Toxicologica, 39(3), 289–301. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0773.1976.tb03180.x
Aaseth, J., Alexander, J., & Deverill, J. (1981). Evaluation of methyl mercury chelating agents using red blood cells and isolated hepatocytes. Chemico-Biological Interactions, 36(3), 287–297. https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2797(81)90072-7
Nielsen, J. B., & Andersen, O. (1991). Effect of four thiol-containing chelators on disposition of orally administered mercuric chloride. Human & Experimental Toxicology, 10(6), 423–430. https://doi.org/10.1177/096032719101000610
Ogura, T., DeGeorge, G., Tatemichi, M., & Esumi, H. (1998). Suppression of anti-microtubule agent-induced apoptosis by nitric oxide: Possible mechanism of a new drug resistance. Japanese Journal of Cancer Research, 89(2), 199–205. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1349-7006.1998.tb00549.x
Takhampunya, R., Padmanabhan, R., & Ubol, S. (2006). Antiviral action of nitric oxide on dengue virus type 2 replication. Journal of General Virology, 87(Pt 10), 3003–3011. https://doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.81880-0
Fenton, E. D. (1995). Biocoordination chemistry. Oxford Science Publications.
Zhang, Y., & Hogg, N. (2005). S-nitrosothiols: Cellular formation and transport. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 38(7), 831–838. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2004.12.016
Refsvik, T. (1984). N-acetylpenicillamine potentiated excretion of methyl mercury in rat bile: Influence of S-methylcysteine. Acta Pharmacologica et Toxicologica, 55, 121–123.
Refsvik, T. (1987). Metabolization of 14C-N-acetylpenicillamine and 14C-cysteine in relation to 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene and sulphobromophthalein conjugation and biliary excretion in the rat. Pharmacology & Toxicology, 60(2), 125–128. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0773.1987.tb01510.x
Refsvik, T. (1984). N-acetylpenicillamine potentiation of biliary excretion of methyl mercury: Influence of glutathione depletors. Acta Pharmacologica et Toxicological, 55(1), 58–64. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0773.1984.tb01962.x
Pilkington, A. E., & Waring, R. H. (1988). The metabolism and disposition of D-penicillamine in the DA-strain rat. European Journal of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, 13(2), 99–104. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03191310
Gupta, A., Sen, S. M., Kumar, A., Meena, K., Baishya, B., Mathias, A., Mishra, A. K., Rao, N. K., Singh, N., & Singh, P. (2024). Probing and gauging of D-penicillamine xenobiotics in hepatic Wilson disease patients. Biophysical Chemistry, 313, 107306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpc.2024.107306
Isamy, N., Bohle, D. S., Butt, J. A., Irvine, G. J., Jordan, P. A., & Sagan, E. (1999). Interrelationships between conformational dynamics and the redox chemistry of S-nitrosothiols. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 121(30), 7115–7123. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja9901314
Stewart, J. J. P. (1989). Optimization of parameters for semi-empirical methods I. Journal of Computational Chemistry, 10, 209–220. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcc.540100208
Stewart, J. J. P. (1989). Optimization of parameters for semi-empirical methods II. Journal of Computational Chemistry, 10, 221–264. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcc.540100209
Leach, A. R. (1997). Molecular modeling. Longman.
Kohn, W., & Sham, L. J. (1965). Self-consistent equations including exchange and correlation effects. Physical Review, 140, A1133–A1138. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.140.A1133
Parr, R. G., & Yang, W. (1989). Density functional theory of atoms and molecules. Oxford University Press.
Becke, A. D. (1988). Density-functional exchange-energy approximation with correct asymptotic behavior. Physical Review A, 38, 3098–3100. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.38.3098
Vosko, S. H., Wilk, L., & Nusair, M. (1980). Accurate spin-dependent electron liquid correlation energies for local spin density calculations: A critical analysis. Canadian Journal of Physics, 58, 1200–1211. https://doi.org/10.1139/p80-159
Lee, C., Yang, W., & Parr, R. G. (1988). Development of the Colle-Salvetti correlation energy formula into a functional of the electron density. Physical Review B, 37, 785–789. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.37.785
Wavefunction Inc. (2006). SPARTAN 06.
Hitchcock, S. A., & Pennington, L. D. (2006). Structure–brain exposure relationships. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 49(26), 7559–7583. https://doi.org/10.1021/jm060642i
Shityakov, S., Neuhaus, W., Dandekar, T., & Förster, C. (2013). Analysing molecular polar surface descriptors to predict blood-brain barrier permeation. International Journal of Computational Biology and Drug Design, 6(1–2), 146–156. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJCBDD.2013.052195
Fleming, I. (1976). Frontier orbitals and organic reactions. Wiley.
Turro, N. J. (1991). Modern molecular photochemistry. University Science Books.
Barrow, G. M. (1962). Introduction to molecular spectroscopy. Kogakusha.
Harris, D. C., & Bertolucci, M. D. (1978). Symmetry and spectroscopy. Oxford University Press.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
